CLINICAL SERVICES

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

PCOS, also known as the Stein-Leventhal Syndrome, is a common hormonal disorder among women. It is named for the clusters of pearl-like cysts which occur in the ovaries. Although its cause remains unknown, it is probably in part a metabolic disorder, which can run in families, and may be associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.

INTERNAL MEDICINE

DIABETES

ENDOCRINOLOGY

The ovaries and adrenal glands of all women produce small amounts of androgens (‘male hormones’). This is normal and these hormones play a role in sexual function and in giving strength to bones and muscles. In PCOS these hormones are produced in larger amounts leading to hormone imbalances.

The features of PCOS are variable and can occur in different combinations. They include:

  • Irregular or absent menstrual periods
  • Infertility
  • Excess body or facial hair
  • Thinning scalp hair
  • Weight problems (particularly weight gain around the waist)
  • Skin problems (acne, skin tags, darkening and thickening of the skin)
  • Insulin resistance and association with type 2 diabetes
  • Cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure
  • A risk of cancer of the endometrium (uterus)
  • Depression

There are a number of hormonal, medical and lifestyle treatments which can be used to reverse or manage symptoms, and to prevent complications occurring.